Nowhere to go?

• Choanoflagellida: ancestors of sponges, phylogenetically unrelated to other protista

• Amoebas: polyphyletic group of protists without rigid cell wall, heterotrophic

• Foraminifera: perhaps relatives of amoebas, with snail-like shell of carbonate, marine

• Radiolaria: perhaps relatives of amoebas, shell of silicate, marine

• Slime molds:

  • plasmodial slime molds: one huge, multi-nucleated cell occurs as plasmodium
  • cellular slime molds: amoebic cells can aggregate to plasmodium during unfavorable conditions to produce erect sporophytes

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