Origins of Genomic Differences
Mutation in a single gene
Segmental Duplication: genes are duplicated within the chromosome or across chromosomes
interchromosomal duplications; intrachromosomal duplications; not expressed
Ca. 5% of human genome = segmental duplications
Two potential outcomes:
- losing function through subsequent mutation
- most duplicated genes; will be lost later, half-life ca. 4 M. years
- gaining a novel function through subsequent mutation
Paralogs: genes that arose from duplication of ancestral geneOrthologs: genes with same ancestral sequence